🇬🇧 WORLD 2-1 · ENGLISH

ENGLISH FOUNDATION
GRAMMAR & TENSES

Bahasa universal dunia. Master grammar dasar, 12 tenses lengkap, struktur kalimat, parts of speech, dan common mistakes orang Indonesia.

⏱ 32 MIN★ EASY-MED📚 4/15

1. PARTS OF SPEECH

Bangunan kalimat English. Hapal 8 jenis kata ini = pondasi semua grammar selanjutnya.

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NOUN

Kata benda. Person, place, thing, idea. cat, school, love.

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VERB

Kata kerja. Action atau state. run, eat, is, become.

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ADJECTIVE

Sifat noun. beautiful, smart, big.

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ADVERB

Modifier verb/adj/adv. quickly, very, well.

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PRONOUN

Pengganti noun. he, she, they, it.

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PREPOSITION

Hubungan posisi. in, on, at, under.

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CONJUNCTION

Penghubung. and, but, because.

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INTERJECTION

Ungkapan emosi. Wow! Oh! Hey!

2. SENTENCE STRUCTURE

S + V + O Rule

English wajib Subject + Verb + Object. Beda dengan Indonesia yang fleksibel. "I eat rice" ✓ — "Rice I eat" ✗

► EXAMPLES

I (S) love (V) Indonesia (O).

She (S) is reading (V) a book (O).

The students (S) are studying (V) English (O).

3. 12 TENSES MAP

TENSE	SIMPLE	CONTINUOUS	PERFECT	PERFECT CONT.
PAST	I ate	I was eating	I had eaten	I had been eating
PRESENT	I eat	I am eating	I have eaten	I have been eating
FUTURE	I will eat	I will be eating	I will have eaten	I will have been eating

4. TENSES YANG SERING DIPAKAI

Present Simple — Fakta & Kebiasaan

Untuk fakta umum dan rutinitas. Verb + s/es untuk he/she/it.

I work in Jakarta. She likes coffee. The earth orbits the sun.

Present Continuous — Sekarang

Aksi sedang berlangsung. To be (am/is/are) + verb-ing.

I am writing right now. They are eating dinner.

Present Perfect — Past + Now Connection

Aksi yang punya hubungan dengan sekarang. Have/has + V3.

I have lived here for 5 years. (still living) She has finished her work.

Past Simple — Selesai di Masa Lalu

Aksi spesifik di masa lalu. V2 (regular: +ed, irregular: hafal).

I worked yesterday. She went to Bali last week.

★ TIP MASTER

Don't memorize all 12 tenses at once. Mulai dari 4 ini (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Past Simple) — sudah cover 80% kebutuhan komunikasi. Tenses lain ditambahkan bertahap.

5. COMMON MISTAKES INDONESIA

Subject-Verb agreement. ✗ She have a cat. ✓ She has a cat.
Article a/an/the. ✗ I want apple. ✓ I want an apple.
To be missing. ✗ I happy. ✓ I am happy.
Pronunciation th /θ/, /ð/. think bukan "tink", this bukan "dis".
Plural -s. ✗ Two book. ✓ Two books.
Pronoun gender. ✗ My mother, he is... ✓ My mother, she is...
Preposition mix-up. ✗ I am at home now sering jadi I am in home.

6. ESSENTIAL VOCAB CORE 1000

Frequency-Based Learning

1,000 kata paling sering pakai = cover 80% percakapan harian English. Fokus di sini sebelum lanjut ke vocab niche. Sumber: Oxford 3000, NGSL list.

Top 100 verbs: be, have, do, say, get, make, go, know, take, see, come, think, look, want, give, use, find, tell, ask, work...
Top 100 nouns: time, year, people, way, day, man, thing, woman, life, child, world, school, state, family...
Top 50 adjectives: good, new, first, last, long, great, little, own, other, old, right, big, high...

📝 QUEST 2-1 — Grammar Drill

Tulis 10 kalimat di Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, dan Past Simple. Total 40 kalimat.
Identifikasi 5 kesalahan dari list "common mistakes" yang sering kamu lakukan.
Hafal 30 verbs dari Top 100 dengan bentuk V1, V2, V3.
Buat 1 paragraf 100 kata tentang aktivitas kamu hari ini menggunakan minimum 4 tenses berbeda.

★ POWER-UP ★

8 parts of speech = bangunan kalimat English.
S + V + O wajib di English. Tidak fleksibel seperti Indonesia.
12 tenses ada, tapi 4 utama sudah cover 80% kebutuhan.
Common mistakes: agreement, article, to be, plural -s.
1,000 kata paling sering = 80% percakapan. Fokus di sini.